Abstract |
The biological effects of exposure to trinitrotoluene (118967) (TNT) were discussed, along with the evaluation and control of exposure. Exposure to TNT can occur during the production, handling, and packing operations. TNT has been used in textile dyeing and as the principal raw material in manufacturing phloroglucinol (108736), used in black on white photocopying. Metabolism follows one or more of three general pathways: nitroreduction, oxidation of an allyl group when present, and direct hydroxylation of the aromatic ring. Fatalities have resulted from aplastic anemia, toxic hepatitis, and other factors. Neurologic effects were noted which included excessive perspiration, acrocyanosis, transient eruption of red skin patches, unstable pulse and arterial pressure, and central nervous system disorders including headaches, dizziness, irritablility, poor memory, and disturbed sleep. Ocular effects were described as well as dermal effects. Results of epidemiologic studies were highlighted. Sampling and analytical methods were reviewed, and methods for controlling safety hazards and health hazards associated with TNT were considered. |