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Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants. Volume 2. Nonionic Surfactants. Alcohol Ethoxylates and Alkylphenol Ethoxylates.

PB94184983

Publication Date	1994
Personal Author	Talmage, S. S.
Page Count	374
Abstract	Alcohol ethoxylates (AE) compose one of two major classes of nonionic surfactants; the other major class is alkylphenol ethoxylates (APE). Usage has grown after World War II in household and institutional cleaners, and from the mid-1960's in laundry products. The rapid growth in usage of AE in household laundry products over the past 20 years has been driven by trends to low- and no-phosphate formulations, more man-made fibers in the wash load, and cooler washing temperatures. This report reviews available safety information on AE and APE with respect to product chemistry and analysis, biodegradation, environmental levels, including fate and distribution, aquatic toxicity, and human safety. The report covers published literature and unpublished company data and is a unique resource for those undertaking risk assessments and safety-related analyses of AE and APE and formulations containing them.
Keywords	Sufactants Water pollution effects Toxicology Public health Environmental effects Detergents Risk assessment Alcohols Biodeterioration Chemical reactions Ethylene oxides Laboratory animals Physical properties Aquatic biology Safety Water quality Toxic substances Chemical analysis Soil pollution Skin(Anatomy) Ae(Alcohol ethoxylates) Alcohol ethoxylates APE(Alkylphenol ethoxylates) Alkylphenol ethoxylates SDA(Soap and Detergent Association) Nonionic surfactants Ethoxylation
Source Agency	Single Entry
NTIS Subject Category	68D - Water Pollution & Control 68G - Environmental Health & Safety 57U - Public Health & Industrial Medicine 57Y - Toxicology 71Q - Solvents, Cleaners, & Abrasives 99 - Chemistry
Corporate Authors	Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.; Soap and Detergent Association, New York.
Supplemental Notes	See also PB91-212167, PB91-214007, PB91-214015 and PB94-102423. Sponsored by Soap and Detergent Association, New York.
Document Type	Technical Report
NTIS Issue Number	199421

Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants. Volume 2. Nonionic Surfactants. Alcohol Ethoxylates and Alkylphenol Ethoxylates.

Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants. Volume 2. Nonionic Surfactants. Alcohol Ethoxylates and Alkylphenol Ethoxylates.
PB94184983

Publication Date	1994
Personal Author	Talmage, S. S.
Page Count	374
Abstract	Alcohol ethoxylates (AE) compose one of two major classes of nonionic surfactants; the other major class is alkylphenol ethoxylates (APE). Usage has grown after World War II in household and institutional cleaners, and from the mid-1960's in laundry products. The rapid growth in usage of AE in household laundry products over the past 20 years has been driven by trends to low- and no-phosphate formulations, more man-made fibers in the wash load, and cooler washing temperatures. This report reviews available safety information on AE and APE with respect to product chemistry and analysis, biodegradation, environmental levels, including fate and distribution, aquatic toxicity, and human safety. The report covers published literature and unpublished company data and is a unique resource for those undertaking risk assessments and safety-related analyses of AE and APE and formulations containing them.
Keywords	Sufactants Water pollution effects Toxicology Public health Environmental effects Detergents Risk assessment Alcohols Biodeterioration Chemical reactions Ethylene oxides Laboratory animals Physical properties Aquatic biology Safety Water quality Toxic substances Chemical analysis Soil pollution Skin(Anatomy) Ae(Alcohol ethoxylates) Alcohol ethoxylates APE(Alkylphenol ethoxylates) Alkylphenol ethoxylates SDA(Soap and Detergent Association) Nonionic surfactants Ethoxylation
Source Agency	Single Entry
NTIS Subject Category	68D - Water Pollution & Control 68G - Environmental Health & Safety 57U - Public Health & Industrial Medicine 57Y - Toxicology 71Q - Solvents, Cleaners, & Abrasives 99 - Chemistry
Corporate Authors	Oak Ridge National Lab., TN.; Soap and Detergent Association, New York.
Supplemental Notes	See also PB91-212167, PB91-214007, PB91-214015 and PB94-102423. Sponsored by Soap and Detergent Association, New York.
Document Type	Technical Report
NTIS Issue Number	199421