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Details

Inhaled Toxic Agents: An Evaluation of Dose.

PB93160877

Publication Date	1993
Personal Author	Hanna, L. M.
Page Count	108
Abstract	A mathematical model was developed for the absorption of gases or vapors in the respiratory tract for use in determining the dose of inhaled gases and vapors to the airways of an individual and to extrapolate doses from animals to human subjects. The physical and chemical properties of the gas or vapor determine its absorption and must be considered in extrapolation between species. The method developed depends on determining the dimensions of the airspace surrounding each turbinate and assumes the airspace is geometrically similar to an annulus or a duct. The method may be used to quantify regional variability in airway dimensions of a population. Casted models of air passages made from cadavers were also studied and found to differ significantly from those of living human subjects. The extrapolations made using these cadaver models may not accurately reveal the flow and deposition rates found in living persons. Measurements which were made from hand traced images of airway dimensions were significantly different from measurements made with an image analyzer in which the digital data containing the scanned images were downloaded to the analyzer.
Keywords	Air pollution effects(Humans) Toxic substances Inhalation Dose-response relationships Mathematical models Animals Trachea Species diversity Nose Mouth Chemical properties Physical properties Anatomical models Respiration Airway resistance
Source Agency	National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NTIS Subject Category	68G - Environmental Health & Safety 57U - Public Health & Industrial Medicine 57A - Anatomy
Corporate Authors	Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD. School of Hygiene and Public Health.; National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
Supplemental Notes	Sponsored by National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
Document Type	Technical Report
Title Note	Final rept.
NTIS Issue Number	199311

Inhaled Toxic Agents: An Evaluation of Dose.

Inhaled Toxic Agents: An Evaluation of Dose.
PB93160877

Publication Date	1993
Personal Author	Hanna, L. M.
Page Count	108
Abstract	A mathematical model was developed for the absorption of gases or vapors in the respiratory tract for use in determining the dose of inhaled gases and vapors to the airways of an individual and to extrapolate doses from animals to human subjects. The physical and chemical properties of the gas or vapor determine its absorption and must be considered in extrapolation between species. The method developed depends on determining the dimensions of the airspace surrounding each turbinate and assumes the airspace is geometrically similar to an annulus or a duct. The method may be used to quantify regional variability in airway dimensions of a population. Casted models of air passages made from cadavers were also studied and found to differ significantly from those of living human subjects. The extrapolations made using these cadaver models may not accurately reveal the flow and deposition rates found in living persons. Measurements which were made from hand traced images of airway dimensions were significantly different from measurements made with an image analyzer in which the digital data containing the scanned images were downloaded to the analyzer.
Keywords	Air pollution effects(Humans) Toxic substances Inhalation Dose-response relationships Mathematical models Animals Trachea Species diversity Nose Mouth Chemical properties Physical properties Anatomical models Respiration Airway resistance
Source Agency	National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NTIS Subject Category	68G - Environmental Health & Safety 57U - Public Health & Industrial Medicine 57A - Anatomy
Corporate Authors	Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD. School of Hygiene and Public Health.; National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
Supplemental Notes	Sponsored by National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.
Document Type	Technical Report
Title Note	Final rept.
NTIS Issue Number	199311