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Exploratory Assessment of the Risk of Lung Cancer Associated with Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Based on a Study in Rats. Exploratory Diesel Risk Assessment.

PB91116269

Publication Date	1990
Personal Author	Smith, R.; Stayner, L.
Page Count	68
Abstract	A request was made by the Mine Safety and Health Administration to assess quantitatively the risk of lung cancer among those occupationally exposed to diesel exhaust. The Armitage-Doll multistage model was adapted to fit both the cases of all tumors and malignant neoplasms alone. A number of assumptions were made to extend the risk estimates derived from the models of tumor response in rats to the risks for humans. These assumptions fell into three categories: those concerning the development of biologically equivalent doses for rats and humans, those relating external exposure to internal dose, and those concerning the scaling of age between rats and humans to account for the temporal aspects of exposure. Uncertainties in the study included the effects of exposure on lung clearance mechanisms, the deposition rates in humans, and the relevance of the exposure index limit. Based on the findings of the study the excess risk to miners of lung cancer at the upper range of the diesel particulate exposure reported, 1.5mg/cu m, was approximately 1.5 to 3 in 100. According to the authors, the results are consistent with previous recommendations by NIOSH that diesel exhaust should be regarded as a potential human carcinogen, and that efforts should be made to reduce exposures to the lowest feasible concentration.
Keywords	Pulmonary neoplasms Diesel fuels Exhaust gases Rats Epidemiology Air pollution effects(Animals) Carcinogenicity tests Risk assessment Occupational exposure Dose-response relationships
Source Agency	National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NTIS Subject Category	68A - Air Pollution & Control 68G - Environmental Health & Safety 68D - Water Pollution & Control 44G - Environmental & Occupational Factors
Corporate Authors	National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. Div. of Standards Development and Technology Transfer.
Document Type	Technical Report
NTIS Issue Number	199103

Exploratory Assessment of the Risk of Lung Cancer Associated with Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Based on a Study in Rats. Exploratory Diesel Risk Assessment.

Exploratory Assessment of the Risk of Lung Cancer Associated with Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Based on a Study in Rats. Exploratory Diesel Risk Assessment.
PB91116269

Publication Date	1990
Personal Author	Smith, R.; Stayner, L.
Page Count	68
Abstract	A request was made by the Mine Safety and Health Administration to assess quantitatively the risk of lung cancer among those occupationally exposed to diesel exhaust. The Armitage-Doll multistage model was adapted to fit both the cases of all tumors and malignant neoplasms alone. A number of assumptions were made to extend the risk estimates derived from the models of tumor response in rats to the risks for humans. These assumptions fell into three categories: those concerning the development of biologically equivalent doses for rats and humans, those relating external exposure to internal dose, and those concerning the scaling of age between rats and humans to account for the temporal aspects of exposure. Uncertainties in the study included the effects of exposure on lung clearance mechanisms, the deposition rates in humans, and the relevance of the exposure index limit. Based on the findings of the study the excess risk to miners of lung cancer at the upper range of the diesel particulate exposure reported, 1.5mg/cu m, was approximately 1.5 to 3 in 100. According to the authors, the results are consistent with previous recommendations by NIOSH that diesel exhaust should be regarded as a potential human carcinogen, and that efforts should be made to reduce exposures to the lowest feasible concentration.
Keywords	Pulmonary neoplasms Diesel fuels Exhaust gases Rats Epidemiology Air pollution effects(Animals) Carcinogenicity tests Risk assessment Occupational exposure Dose-response relationships
Source Agency	National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NTIS Subject Category	68A - Air Pollution & Control 68G - Environmental Health & Safety 68D - Water Pollution & Control 44G - Environmental & Occupational Factors
Corporate Authors	National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH. Div. of Standards Development and Technology Transfer.
Document Type	Technical Report
NTIS Issue Number	199103