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Occupational Lead Poisoning in the United States: Clinical and Biochemical Findings Related to Blood Lead Levels.

PB90194564

Publication Date	1977
Personal Author	Baker, E. L.; Landrigan, P. J.; Barbour, A. G.; Cox, D. H.; Folland, D. S.
Page Count	38
Abstract	A study was made of 160 lead (7439921) exposed workers at a secondary lead smelter, a small scrap smelter, and a lead chemicals facility to investigate dose response relationships between blood lead levels and toxic effects. The levels of blood lead ranged from 0.77 to 13.51 micromoles/liter (micromol/l). In 70 workers, 44 percent of the total number, clinical evidence of toxic exposure was detected including colic in 33, wrist or ankle extensor muscle weakness in 12, anemia in 27, elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in 28, and possible encephalopathy in two. At blood lead levels below 1.93 micromol/l no toxicity was detected. However, 13 percent of those workers with blood lead levels of 1.93 to 3.81 micromol/l had extensor muscle weakness or gastrointestinal symptoms. In 5 percent of the workers with lead levels of 1.93 to 2.85 micromol/l, anemia was noted. Anemia was also noted in 14 percent with levels between 2.90 and 3.81 micromol/l and in 36 percent with levels over 3.86 micromol/l. In long term lead workers elevated BUN occurred. All but three workers with elevated BUN had at least 4 years of occupational lead exposure, and nine had received oral chelation therapy. Eight of this group had reduced creatinine clearance and eight had decreased renal concentrating ability.
Keywords	Lead poisoning Blood chemical analysis Biochemistry Tables(Data) Graphs(Charts) Smelters Occupational exposure Creatinine United States Blood urea nitrogen CAS 7439921
Source Agency	National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NTIS Subject Category	57Y - Toxicology 44G - Environmental & Occupational Factors
Corporate Authors	Bureau of Epidemiology, Atlanta, GA.; National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.; Utah Dept. of Health, Salt Lake City.; Tennessee Dept. of Health and Environment, Nashville.
Supplemental Notes	Prepared in cooperation with National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH., Tennessee Dept. of Health and Environment, Nashville, and Utah Dept. of Health, Salt Lake City.
Document Type	Technical Report
NTIS Issue Number	199012

Occupational Lead Poisoning in the United States: Clinical and Biochemical Findings Related to Blood Lead Levels.

Occupational Lead Poisoning in the United States: Clinical and Biochemical Findings Related to Blood Lead Levels.
PB90194564

Publication Date	1977
Personal Author	Baker, E. L.; Landrigan, P. J.; Barbour, A. G.; Cox, D. H.; Folland, D. S.
Page Count	38
Abstract	A study was made of 160 lead (7439921) exposed workers at a secondary lead smelter, a small scrap smelter, and a lead chemicals facility to investigate dose response relationships between blood lead levels and toxic effects. The levels of blood lead ranged from 0.77 to 13.51 micromoles/liter (micromol/l). In 70 workers, 44 percent of the total number, clinical evidence of toxic exposure was detected including colic in 33, wrist or ankle extensor muscle weakness in 12, anemia in 27, elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in 28, and possible encephalopathy in two. At blood lead levels below 1.93 micromol/l no toxicity was detected. However, 13 percent of those workers with blood lead levels of 1.93 to 3.81 micromol/l had extensor muscle weakness or gastrointestinal symptoms. In 5 percent of the workers with lead levels of 1.93 to 2.85 micromol/l, anemia was noted. Anemia was also noted in 14 percent with levels between 2.90 and 3.81 micromol/l and in 36 percent with levels over 3.86 micromol/l. In long term lead workers elevated BUN occurred. All but three workers with elevated BUN had at least 4 years of occupational lead exposure, and nine had received oral chelation therapy. Eight of this group had reduced creatinine clearance and eight had decreased renal concentrating ability.
Keywords	Lead poisoning Blood chemical analysis Biochemistry Tables(Data) Graphs(Charts) Smelters Occupational exposure Creatinine United States Blood urea nitrogen CAS 7439921
Source Agency	National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NTIS Subject Category	57Y - Toxicology 44G - Environmental & Occupational Factors
Corporate Authors	Bureau of Epidemiology, Atlanta, GA.; National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH.; Utah Dept. of Health, Salt Lake City.; Tennessee Dept. of Health and Environment, Nashville.
Supplemental Notes	Prepared in cooperation with National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH., Tennessee Dept. of Health and Environment, Nashville, and Utah Dept. of Health, Salt Lake City.
Document Type	Technical Report
NTIS Issue Number	199012