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Ecology and Biological Control of Ice Plant Scales, 'Pulvinariella mesembryanthemi' and 'Pulvinaria delotti', in California. Subproject 2. Biological Control of Ice Plant Scales in California.

PB83191379

Publication Date	1982
Personal Author	Hagen, K. S.; Tassan, R. L.
Page Count	89
Abstract	Seven species of ice plant scale natural enemies have been introduced into California from South Africa. Three species, the parasitoids, Metaphycus stramineus and Metaphycus funicularis and a predator, Exochomus flavipes, have been successfully established as permanent additions to California's fauna. As a result of the actions of these natural enemies in reducing ice plant scale densities, the continued use of insecticidal control should no longer be necessary in much of the ice plant landscaping along California's freeway system. Biological data, in some cases very specific and detailed, have been developed for all seven natural enemies.
Keywords	Insects Ornamental plants Plant diseases Highways Pest control Life cycles Interactions Landscaping California Climate Plants(Botany) Biological insect control Metaphycus funicularis Exochomus flavipes Predator prey relationships San Mateo County(California) Alameda County(California) Scales(Insects)
Source Agency	Federal Highway Administration
NTIS Subject Category	50A - Highway Engineering 98D - Agronomy, Horticulture, & Plant Pathology 57H - Ecology 57Z - Zoology
Corporate Authors	California Univ., Berkeley.; Federal Highway Administration, Sacramento, CA. California Div.; California State Dept. of Transportation, Sacramento.
Supplemental Notes	Sponsored in part by California State Dept. of Transportation, Sacramento, and Federal Highway Administration, Sacramento, CA. California Div. See also PB82-203043.
Document Type	Technical Report
Title Note	Interim rept. 1 Jul 78-30 Jun 81.
NTIS Issue Number	198315

Ecology and Biological Control of Ice Plant Scales, 'Pulvinariella mesembryanthemi' and 'Pulvinaria delotti', in California. Subproject 2. Biological Control of Ice Plant Scales in California.

Ecology and Biological Control of Ice Plant Scales, 'Pulvinariella mesembryanthemi' and 'Pulvinaria delotti', in California. Subproject 2. Biological Control of Ice Plant Scales in California.
PB83191379

Publication Date	1982
Personal Author	Hagen, K. S.; Tassan, R. L.
Page Count	89
Abstract	Seven species of ice plant scale natural enemies have been introduced into California from South Africa. Three species, the parasitoids, Metaphycus stramineus and Metaphycus funicularis and a predator, Exochomus flavipes, have been successfully established as permanent additions to California's fauna. As a result of the actions of these natural enemies in reducing ice plant scale densities, the continued use of insecticidal control should no longer be necessary in much of the ice plant landscaping along California's freeway system. Biological data, in some cases very specific and detailed, have been developed for all seven natural enemies.
Keywords	Insects Ornamental plants Plant diseases Highways Pest control Life cycles Interactions Landscaping California Climate Plants(Botany) Biological insect control Metaphycus funicularis Exochomus flavipes Predator prey relationships San Mateo County(California) Alameda County(California) Scales(Insects)
Source Agency	Federal Highway Administration
NTIS Subject Category	50A - Highway Engineering 98D - Agronomy, Horticulture, & Plant Pathology 57H - Ecology 57Z - Zoology
Corporate Authors	California Univ., Berkeley.; Federal Highway Administration, Sacramento, CA. California Div.; California State Dept. of Transportation, Sacramento.
Supplemental Notes	Sponsored in part by California State Dept. of Transportation, Sacramento, and Federal Highway Administration, Sacramento, CA. California Div. See also PB82-203043.
Document Type	Technical Report
Title Note	Interim rept. 1 Jul 78-30 Jun 81.
NTIS Issue Number	198315