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Durable Visible Light-Activated Antiviral Coatings for Fabrics Used for Personal Respirator Such as the N95 Mask.

PB2019100546

Publication Date	2010
Personal Author	Mize, P. D.
Page Count	24
Abstract	The FDA has recognized growing threats from infectious diseases in the hospital and community. As a precaution, to themselves and patients, caregivers wear personal protective equipment (PPE) such as respirator masks to minimize contact transmission onto facial skin or airborne inhalation of pathogenic organisms. Case-control studies conducted in Beijing and Hong Kong showed that wearing masks was independently associated with protection from SARS in a multivariate analysis. However, a study performed by the CDC showed definitive evidence of the transmission of virus particles from PPE to other people and surfaces in a hospital setting. Our goal was to develop an economical and manufacturable coating for personal protective equipment which will inactivate more than 99.9% of a challenge inoculum of influenza virus within one hour under normal conditions of use. Our approach was to immobilize [coat] photoactive dyes onto surfaces [filtration media]. These dyes when exposed to visible light catalyze the production of singlet oxygen from air [oxygen] and are known to inactivated viruses and bacteria. The preferred coating was developed from a suitable combination of dyes, attachment methods and filtration media. We determined that the most cost effective and active dye to use was Rose Bengal, a potent antiviral and bacterial agent. Literature methods used to modify Rose Bengal for immobilization to acrylate polymers proved to be unreliable, so an alternate synthetic pathway was developed. Rose Bengal was synthetically modified to attach either an acrylate or styry monomer to the dye and polymerized with other acrylate monomers to form a multifunctional acrylic polymer. This polymer contained reactive side chains which aided permanent bonding to nylon filtration media. Coating [dyeing] was achieved in a conventional fabric "dyeing" which can be scaled to full size manufacturing. The dye incorporated polymer has been synthesized in efficient 25 gallon batches and further scale-up should be straight forward. This research enhanced the efficiency of the antiviral effect and permits development of cost-effective methods for commercial manufacture of the devices [N95 masks] while retaining marked antiviral properties.
Keywords	Infection control Personal protective equipment Infectious diseases Health care facilities Personal protection Protective coatings Protective equipment Respiratory protection Respiratory protective equipment Respirators Antiseptics Viral diseases Viral infections Disease control Disease prevention Disease vectors Disease transmission National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ( NIOSH)
Source Agency	National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NTIS Subject Category	44K - Health Services 44G - Environmental & Occupational Factors 57M - Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy, & Rehabilitation 57U - Public Health & Industrial Medicine 68G - Environmental Health & Safety 92A - Job Training & Career Development 41I - Job Environment 95G - Protective Equipment
Corporate Authors	National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC.
Document Type	Technical Report
NTIS Issue Number	201914

Durable Visible Light-Activated Antiviral Coatings for Fabrics Used for Personal Respirator Such as the N95 Mask.

Durable Visible Light-Activated Antiviral Coatings for Fabrics Used for Personal Respirator Such as the N95 Mask.
PB2019100546

Publication Date	2010
Personal Author	Mize, P. D.
Page Count	24
Abstract	The FDA has recognized growing threats from infectious diseases in the hospital and community. As a precaution, to themselves and patients, caregivers wear personal protective equipment (PPE) such as respirator masks to minimize contact transmission onto facial skin or airborne inhalation of pathogenic organisms. Case-control studies conducted in Beijing and Hong Kong showed that wearing masks was independently associated with protection from SARS in a multivariate analysis. However, a study performed by the CDC showed definitive evidence of the transmission of virus particles from PPE to other people and surfaces in a hospital setting. Our goal was to develop an economical and manufacturable coating for personal protective equipment which will inactivate more than 99.9% of a challenge inoculum of influenza virus within one hour under normal conditions of use. Our approach was to immobilize [coat] photoactive dyes onto surfaces [filtration media]. These dyes when exposed to visible light catalyze the production of singlet oxygen from air [oxygen] and are known to inactivated viruses and bacteria. The preferred coating was developed from a suitable combination of dyes, attachment methods and filtration media. We determined that the most cost effective and active dye to use was Rose Bengal, a potent antiviral and bacterial agent. Literature methods used to modify Rose Bengal for immobilization to acrylate polymers proved to be unreliable, so an alternate synthetic pathway was developed. Rose Bengal was synthetically modified to attach either an acrylate or styry monomer to the dye and polymerized with other acrylate monomers to form a multifunctional acrylic polymer. This polymer contained reactive side chains which aided permanent bonding to nylon filtration media. Coating [dyeing] was achieved in a conventional fabric "dyeing" which can be scaled to full size manufacturing. The dye incorporated polymer has been synthesized in efficient 25 gallon batches and further scale-up should be straight forward. This research enhanced the efficiency of the antiviral effect and permits development of cost-effective methods for commercial manufacture of the devices [N95 masks] while retaining marked antiviral properties.
Keywords	Infection control Personal protective equipment Infectious diseases Health care facilities Personal protection Protective coatings Protective equipment Respiratory protection Respiratory protective equipment Respirators Antiseptics Viral diseases Viral infections Disease control Disease prevention Disease vectors Disease transmission National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ( NIOSH)
Source Agency	National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NTIS Subject Category	44K - Health Services 44G - Environmental & Occupational Factors 57M - Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy, & Rehabilitation 57U - Public Health & Industrial Medicine 68G - Environmental Health & Safety 92A - Job Training & Career Development 41I - Job Environment 95G - Protective Equipment
Corporate Authors	National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Washington, DC.
Document Type	Technical Report
NTIS Issue Number	201914