National Technical Reports Library

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Exposure and Risk Assessment for Infectious Aerosols.

PB2001101415

Publication Date	2000
Personal Author	Nicas, M.
Page Count	96
Abstract	The general aim was to develop a quantitative framework for estimating M. tb infection and tuberculosis (TB) incidence among health care workers (HCW) in a hospital setting, such that the framework could inform risk management decisions. A stochastic simulation model was developed to describe M. tb infection and disease incidence among a hospital HCW cohort. The model provided results that reasonably adhered to published observations. Application of the model showed that a binary type of patient infectivity generates substantial variability in infection incidence. A binary patient infectivity adheres to the common view that most TB patients are not infectious, but that a few are dangerous disseminators. Application of the simulation model also showed that infection among immunocompromised HCWs causes only a slight increase in incidence of secondary M. tb infection and TB disease at the HCW cohort level, although TB disease in immunocompromised individuals has severe personal consequences.
Keywords	Risk assessments Aerosols Occupational safety and health Infectious diseases Mathematical models Particulates Hospitals Diseases and medical conditions Patients Markov chains Health care workers Pathogens Tuberculosis Stochastic simulation models Immunocomprised individuals NIOSH(National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) Markov model
Source Agency	CDC National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Corporate Authors	California Univ., Berkeley. School of Public Health.; National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA.
Supplemental Notes	Sponsored by National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA. Pittsburgh Research Lab.
Document Type	Technical Report
Title Note	Final rept.
NTIS Issue Number	200104

Exposure and Risk Assessment for Infectious Aerosols.

Exposure and Risk Assessment for Infectious Aerosols.
PB2001101415

Publication Date	2000
Personal Author	Nicas, M.
Page Count	96
Abstract	The general aim was to develop a quantitative framework for estimating M. tb infection and tuberculosis (TB) incidence among health care workers (HCW) in a hospital setting, such that the framework could inform risk management decisions. A stochastic simulation model was developed to describe M. tb infection and disease incidence among a hospital HCW cohort. The model provided results that reasonably adhered to published observations. Application of the model showed that a binary type of patient infectivity generates substantial variability in infection incidence. A binary patient infectivity adheres to the common view that most TB patients are not infectious, but that a few are dangerous disseminators. Application of the simulation model also showed that infection among immunocompromised HCWs causes only a slight increase in incidence of secondary M. tb infection and TB disease at the HCW cohort level, although TB disease in immunocompromised individuals has severe personal consequences.
Keywords	Risk assessments Aerosols Occupational safety and health Infectious diseases Mathematical models Particulates Hospitals Diseases and medical conditions Patients Markov chains Health care workers Pathogens Tuberculosis Stochastic simulation models Immunocomprised individuals NIOSH(National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) Markov model
Source Agency	CDC National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Corporate Authors	California Univ., Berkeley. School of Public Health.; National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA.
Supplemental Notes	Sponsored by National Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA. Pittsburgh Research Lab.
Document Type	Technical Report
Title Note	Final rept.
NTIS Issue Number	200104