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Summary Statistics for Fun Dough Data Acquired at LLNL.

DE2010973859

Publication Date	2010
Personal Author	Kallman, J. S.; Morales, K. E.; Whipple, R. E.; Huber, R. D.; Brown, W. D.; Smith, J. A.; Schneberk, D. J.; Martz, H. E.; White, W. T.
Page Count	11
Abstract	Using x-ray computerized tomography (CT), we have characterized the x-ray linear attenuation coefficients (LAC) of a Play Dough(trademark)-like product, Fun Dough(trademark), designated as PD. Table 1 gives the first-order statistics for each of four CT measurements, estimated with a Gaussian kernel density estimator (KDE) analysis. The mean values of the LAC range from a high of about 2100 LMHU(sub D) at 100kVp to a low of about 1100 LMHU(sub D) at 300kVp. The standard deviation of each measurement is around 1% of the mean. The entropy covers the range from 3.9 to 4.6. Ordinarily, we would model the LAC of the material and compare the modeled values to the measured values. In this case, however, we did not have the composition of the material and therefore did not model the LAC. Using a method recently proposed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), we estimate the value of the effective atomic number, Z(sub eff), to be near 8.5. LLNL prepared about 50mL of the Fun Dough(trademark) in a polypropylene vial and firmly compressed it immediately prior to the x-ray measurements. Still, layers can plainly be seen in the reconstructed images, indicating that the bulk density of the material in the container is affected by voids and bubbles. We used the computer program IMGREC to reconstruct the CT images. The values of the key parameters used in the data capture and image reconstruction are given in this report.
Keywords	Computerized tomography Attenuation Statistical data Atomic number Beams Bulk density Computer codes Containers Data collection Distribution Entropy Image processing Kernels Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Polypropylene
Source Agency	Technical Information Center Oak Ridge Tennessee
Corporate Authors	Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA.; Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Supplemental Notes	Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC. See also DE2010-973860.
Document Type	Technical Report
NTIS Issue Number	201021
Contract Number	DE-AC52-07NA27344

Summary Statistics for Fun Dough Data Acquired at LLNL.

Summary Statistics for Fun Dough Data Acquired at LLNL.
DE2010973859

Publication Date	2010
Personal Author	Kallman, J. S.; Morales, K. E.; Whipple, R. E.; Huber, R. D.; Brown, W. D.; Smith, J. A.; Schneberk, D. J.; Martz, H. E.; White, W. T.
Page Count	11
Abstract	Using x-ray computerized tomography (CT), we have characterized the x-ray linear attenuation coefficients (LAC) of a Play Dough(trademark)-like product, Fun Dough(trademark), designated as PD. Table 1 gives the first-order statistics for each of four CT measurements, estimated with a Gaussian kernel density estimator (KDE) analysis. The mean values of the LAC range from a high of about 2100 LMHU(sub D) at 100kVp to a low of about 1100 LMHU(sub D) at 300kVp. The standard deviation of each measurement is around 1% of the mean. The entropy covers the range from 3.9 to 4.6. Ordinarily, we would model the LAC of the material and compare the modeled values to the measured values. In this case, however, we did not have the composition of the material and therefore did not model the LAC. Using a method recently proposed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), we estimate the value of the effective atomic number, Z(sub eff), to be near 8.5. LLNL prepared about 50mL of the Fun Dough(trademark) in a polypropylene vial and firmly compressed it immediately prior to the x-ray measurements. Still, layers can plainly be seen in the reconstructed images, indicating that the bulk density of the material in the container is affected by voids and bubbles. We used the computer program IMGREC to reconstruct the CT images. The values of the key parameters used in the data capture and image reconstruction are given in this report.
Keywords	Computerized tomography Attenuation Statistical data Atomic number Beams Bulk density Computer codes Containers Data collection Distribution Entropy Image processing Kernels Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Polypropylene
Source Agency	Technical Information Center Oak Ridge Tennessee
Corporate Authors	Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA.; Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Supplemental Notes	Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC. See also DE2010-973860.
Document Type	Technical Report
NTIS Issue Number	201021
Contract Number	DE-AC52-07NA27344