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Desalination Utilizing Clathrate Hydrates (LDRD Final Report).

DE2008934586

Publication Date	2008
Personal Author	Simmons, B. A.; Bradshaw, R. W.; Dedrick, D. E.; Cygan, R. T.; Majzoub, M. H.
Page Count	80
Abstract	Advances are reported in several aspects of clathrate hydrate desalination fundamentals necessary to develop an economical means to produce municipal quantities of potable water from seawater or brackish feedstock. These aspects include the following, (1) advances in defining the most promising systems design based on new types of hydrate guest molecules, (2) selection of optimal multi-phase reactors and separation arrangements, and, (3) applicability of an inert heat exchange fluid to moderate hydrate growth, control the morphology of the solid hydrate material formed, and facilitate separation of hydrate solids from concentrated brine. The rate of R141b hydrate formation was determined and found to depend only on the degree of supercooling. The rate of R141b hydrate formation in the presence of a heat exchange fluid depended on the degree of supercooling according to the same rate equation as pure R141b with secondary dependence on salinity. Experiments demonstrated that a perfluorocarbon heat exchange fluid assisted separation of R141b hydrates from brine. Preliminary experiments using the guest species, difluoromethane, showed that hydrate formation rates were substantial at temperatures up to at least 12 degrees C and demonstrated partial separation of water from brine.
Keywords	Gas hydrates Clathrates Desalination Design Drinking water Electron density Functionals Hydrogen Isomers Morphology Raman spectra Raman spectroscopy Salinity Seawater Potable water Stability Water Brines
Source Agency	Technical Information Center Oak Ridge Tennessee
Corporate Authors	Missouri Univ., Columbia.; Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Supplemental Notes	Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Document Type	Technical Report
NTIS Issue Number	200904
Contract Number	DE-AC04-94AL85000

Desalination Utilizing Clathrate Hydrates (LDRD Final Report).

Desalination Utilizing Clathrate Hydrates (LDRD Final Report).
DE2008934586

Publication Date	2008
Personal Author	Simmons, B. A.; Bradshaw, R. W.; Dedrick, D. E.; Cygan, R. T.; Majzoub, M. H.
Page Count	80
Abstract	Advances are reported in several aspects of clathrate hydrate desalination fundamentals necessary to develop an economical means to produce municipal quantities of potable water from seawater or brackish feedstock. These aspects include the following, (1) advances in defining the most promising systems design based on new types of hydrate guest molecules, (2) selection of optimal multi-phase reactors and separation arrangements, and, (3) applicability of an inert heat exchange fluid to moderate hydrate growth, control the morphology of the solid hydrate material formed, and facilitate separation of hydrate solids from concentrated brine. The rate of R141b hydrate formation was determined and found to depend only on the degree of supercooling. The rate of R141b hydrate formation in the presence of a heat exchange fluid depended on the degree of supercooling according to the same rate equation as pure R141b with secondary dependence on salinity. Experiments demonstrated that a perfluorocarbon heat exchange fluid assisted separation of R141b hydrates from brine. Preliminary experiments using the guest species, difluoromethane, showed that hydrate formation rates were substantial at temperatures up to at least 12 degrees C and demonstrated partial separation of water from brine.
Keywords	Gas hydrates Clathrates Desalination Design Drinking water Electron density Functionals Hydrogen Isomers Morphology Raman spectra Raman spectroscopy Salinity Seawater Potable water Stability Water Brines
Source Agency	Technical Information Center Oak Ridge Tennessee
Corporate Authors	Missouri Univ., Columbia.; Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Supplemental Notes	Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Document Type	Technical Report
NTIS Issue Number	200904
Contract Number	DE-AC04-94AL85000