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Influence of Elevated Ozone and Carbon Dioxide on Insect Densities.

DE2006861653

Publication Date	2005
Personal Author	DeLucia, E. H.; Dermody, O.; O'Neill, B.; Aldea, M.; Hamilton, J. G.
Page Count	10
Abstract	The combustion of fossil fuels is profoundly altering the chemical composition of the atmosphere. Beginning with the Industrial Revolution, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased from approximately 280 to 370(micro)l l(sup -1) in 2004, and it is expected to exceed 550(micro)l l(sup -1) by 2050. Tropospheric ozone has risen even more rapidly than CO(sub 2) and average summer concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere are expected to continue to increase by 0.5-2.5% per year over the next 30 years. Although elevated CO(sub 2) stimulates photosynthesis and productivity of terrestrial ecosystems, ozone (O(sub 3)) is deleterious. In addition to directly affecting the physiology and productivity of crops, increased concentrations of tropospheric CO(sub 2) and O(sub 3) are predicted to lower the nutritional quality of leaves, which has the potential to increase herbivory as insects eat more to meet their nutritional demands. We tested the hypothesis that changes in tropospheric chemistry affect the relationship between plants and insect herbivores by changing leaf quality. The susceptibility to herbivory of soybean grown in elevated CO(sub 2) or O(sub 3) was examined using free air gas concentration enrichment (SoyFACE). FACE technology has the advantage that plants are cultivated under realistic field conditions with no unwanted alteration of microclimate or artificial constraints on the insect community.
Keywords	Air pollution effects Ozone Carbon dioxide Insects Fossil fuels Chemical composition Combustion Crops Hypothesis Microclimates Photosynthesis Physiology Soybeans Ecosystems Productivity Tropospheric ozone
Source Agency	Technical Information Center Oak Ridge Tennessee
Corporate Authors	Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.; Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Supplemental Notes	Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Document Type	Technical Report
NTIS Issue Number	200614

Influence of Elevated Ozone and Carbon Dioxide on Insect Densities.

Influence of Elevated Ozone and Carbon Dioxide on Insect Densities.
DE2006861653

Publication Date	2005
Personal Author	DeLucia, E. H.; Dermody, O.; O'Neill, B.; Aldea, M.; Hamilton, J. G.
Page Count	10
Abstract	The combustion of fossil fuels is profoundly altering the chemical composition of the atmosphere. Beginning with the Industrial Revolution, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased from approximately 280 to 370(micro)l l(sup -1) in 2004, and it is expected to exceed 550(micro)l l(sup -1) by 2050. Tropospheric ozone has risen even more rapidly than CO(sub 2) and average summer concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere are expected to continue to increase by 0.5-2.5% per year over the next 30 years. Although elevated CO(sub 2) stimulates photosynthesis and productivity of terrestrial ecosystems, ozone (O(sub 3)) is deleterious. In addition to directly affecting the physiology and productivity of crops, increased concentrations of tropospheric CO(sub 2) and O(sub 3) are predicted to lower the nutritional quality of leaves, which has the potential to increase herbivory as insects eat more to meet their nutritional demands. We tested the hypothesis that changes in tropospheric chemistry affect the relationship between plants and insect herbivores by changing leaf quality. The susceptibility to herbivory of soybean grown in elevated CO(sub 2) or O(sub 3) was examined using free air gas concentration enrichment (SoyFACE). FACE technology has the advantage that plants are cultivated under realistic field conditions with no unwanted alteration of microclimate or artificial constraints on the insect community.
Keywords	Air pollution effects Ozone Carbon dioxide Insects Fossil fuels Chemical composition Combustion Crops Hypothesis Microclimates Photosynthesis Physiology Soybeans Ecosystems Productivity Tropospheric ozone
Source Agency	Technical Information Center Oak Ridge Tennessee
Corporate Authors	Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.; Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Supplemental Notes	Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Document Type	Technical Report
NTIS Issue Number	200614