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Modeling the Effects of Updating the Influenza Vaccine on the Efficacy of Repeated Vaccination.

DE2001767004

Publication Date	2001
Personal Author	Smith, D. J.; Lapedes, A. S.; Forest, S.; deJong, J. C.; Osterhaus, A.; Fouchier, R. A. M.; Cox, N. J.
Page Count	14
Abstract	The accumulated wisdom is to update the vaccine strain to the expected epidemic strain only when there is at least a 4-fold difference (measured by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay) between the current vaccine strain and the expected epidemic strain. In this study we investigate the effect, on repeat vaccinees, of updating the vaccine when there is a less than 4-fold difference. Using a computer model of the immune response to repeated vaccination, we simulated updating the vaccine on a 2-fold difference and compared this to not updating the vaccine, in each case predicting the vaccine efficacy in first-time and repeat vaccinees for a variety of possible epidemic strains. Updating the vaccine strain on a 2-fold difference resulted in increased vaccine efficacy in repeat vaccinees compared to leaving the vaccine unchanged. These results suggest that updating the vaccine strain on a 2-fold difference between the existing vaccine strain and the expected epidemic strain will increase vaccine efficacy in repeat vaccinees compared to leaving the vaccine unchanged.
Keywords	Influenza Vaccines Epidemiology Vaccination Antigens Assaying Hemagglutination tests Computer models
Source Agency	Technical Information Center Oak Ridge Tennessee
NTIS Subject Category	57J - Immunology 57K - Microbiology
Corporate Authors	Los Alamos National Lab., NM.; Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Supplemental Notes	Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Document Type	Technical Report
NTIS Issue Number	200121

Modeling the Effects of Updating the Influenza Vaccine on the Efficacy of Repeated Vaccination.

Modeling the Effects of Updating the Influenza Vaccine on the Efficacy of Repeated Vaccination.
DE2001767004

Publication Date	2001
Personal Author	Smith, D. J.; Lapedes, A. S.; Forest, S.; deJong, J. C.; Osterhaus, A.; Fouchier, R. A. M.; Cox, N. J.
Page Count	14
Abstract	The accumulated wisdom is to update the vaccine strain to the expected epidemic strain only when there is at least a 4-fold difference (measured by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay) between the current vaccine strain and the expected epidemic strain. In this study we investigate the effect, on repeat vaccinees, of updating the vaccine when there is a less than 4-fold difference. Using a computer model of the immune response to repeated vaccination, we simulated updating the vaccine on a 2-fold difference and compared this to not updating the vaccine, in each case predicting the vaccine efficacy in first-time and repeat vaccinees for a variety of possible epidemic strains. Updating the vaccine strain on a 2-fold difference resulted in increased vaccine efficacy in repeat vaccinees compared to leaving the vaccine unchanged. These results suggest that updating the vaccine strain on a 2-fold difference between the existing vaccine strain and the expected epidemic strain will increase vaccine efficacy in repeat vaccinees compared to leaving the vaccine unchanged.
Keywords	Influenza Vaccines Epidemiology Vaccination Antigens Assaying Hemagglutination tests Computer models
Source Agency	Technical Information Center Oak Ridge Tennessee
NTIS Subject Category	57J - Immunology 57K - Microbiology
Corporate Authors	Los Alamos National Lab., NM.; Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Supplemental Notes	Sponsored by Department of Energy, Washington, DC.
Document Type	Technical Report
NTIS Issue Number	200121