| Abstract |
The visual system and vestibular system interact to form a complex relationship in certain flying situations which results in spatial disorientation. The severity of the problem depends on how the pilot decides to utilize sensory information to control the aircraft. A correct decision results in adequate control of the aircraft, whereas an incorrect decision may prove fatal. The autokinetic, oculogyral, oculogravic, and Coriolis illusions are discussed; proposed research is outlined; and recommendations are given for minimizing the effects of illusions on the pilot. Perspective and motion parallax afford the most consistent visual information from which the pilot formulates his judgement of distance. Distance perception is the result of an integration of all visual cues with past experience, and any change in glide slope, external terrain, aircraft speed, and awareness may result in significant distance judgment errors. Reduction in impinging external stimuli by darkness, inclement weather, and emotional stress factors greatly accentuate the pilot's susceptibility to illusions. Thus, these conditions require special training and instrument discipline to insure safe flying, approaches, and landings. (Author) |
